Persuasive Essay on why cancer is preventable.

Powerful Essay on why malignancy is preventable. Malignant growth is the subsequent driving reason for death in the United States. This year, over 1.2 million Americans will be determined to have malignant growth and around 560,000 will pass on from it. The rates have multiplied in under forty years. As I would see it, malignant growth is absolutely preventable. This might be an uncommon explanation yet I accept the realities will demonstrate it is true.In 1952, Dr. Ernest Krebs proposed a hypothesis that malignancy was an inadequacy ailment, like scurvy. His hypothesis was that the reason for the illness was the absence of a basic nutrient in an individual's eating regimen. He distinguished it as nutrient B17, a piece of the nitriloside family which is found in more than 1200 eatable plants. It is found in the seeds of apricot, cherry, nectarine, peach, apples and others.To demonstrate a hypothesis it must be tried deductively. The most ideal route for Dr. Krebs to demonstrate his hypothesis would be for a huge number of individua ls to eat an eating regimen high in nutrient B17 and afterward check the results.my excellent ... Kerrie ...This would have been over the top expensive in any case, luckily, the examination wasn't vital in light of the fact that it had just been done normally. Between West Pakistan, India and China is the remote valley of Hunza. The individuals of Hunza have multiple times more B17 in their eating routine than the normal American. Indeed, in a spot where there is no cash, riches is estimated by what number of apricot trees a man has. Clinical groups who have made a trip to Hunza found that there has never been an instance of disease. The normal age of the Hunza individuals is around 85, however many live to be 100 years or older.Eskimos are another gathering of disease free individuals that have been watched for quite a few years. The customary Eskimo diet is rich in nitrilosides, or B17, that originate from the meat of caribou and other touching creatures and furthermore from salmo nberries.There are numerous different gatherings of individuals all through the world from all races and all locales. The one thing that they share for all intents and purpose is that how much they are liberated from malignant growth is in relation to the measure of nitrilosides found in their local diets.While it is accessible in many nations, nutrient B17 can't be sold in the United States. The explanation is on the grounds that it has not been affirmed by the FDA. That procedure takes long periods of exploration and costs a huge number of dollars. The main firms that can bear the cost of that are the huge pharmaceutical organizations. Since you can't get a patent for a substance found in nature, it isn't likely that this nutrient will ever be endorsed. Indeed, since malignancy treatment in the United States is a billion dollar industry, pharmaceutical organizations have an enthusiasm for ruining the nutrient lack theory.The FDA began a bogus crusade which asserted that nitrilosid e was poisonous and hazardous in light of the fact that it contains cyanide. It does, in minute amounts. In the event that you eat the seeds from a hundred apples in a day you would chance genuine symptoms, conceivably passing. On the off chance that you eat tremendous measures of anything you run genuine wellbeing dangers. Anti-inflamatory medicine is multiple times more harmful than a similar measure of B17.In the 1970s Memorial Sloan-Kettering, a malignant growth community in New York, tried nutrient B17. While they openly came out with a report that said the outcomes were uncertain and that it did nothing but bad, research specialists knew reality. A long time later Dr. Ralph Moss, one of the analysts, admitted that he had been advised to give proclamations precisely inverse of what they were discovering scientifically.Scurvy (nutrient C inadequacy) had the option to be controlled hundreds of years back. I accept the proof for nutrient B17 has been experimentally demonstrated to do likewise for malignant growth avoidance. Since the American eating routine is lower than at any other time in nitrilocides, it is dependent upon every individual to attempt to eat nourishments that will assist us with living sound lives.

A Health and Fitness Company Essay

You are a top official in your company. After cautious thought, you were chosen to deal with a venture to utilize MIS to change the manner in which business is run. In a gathering of 5, you will be liable for exploring the practices in your industry, distinguish the qualities and shortcomings of the business, and make a creative arrangement to utilize MIS to enhance current practices. At last, you will be required to present a composed report and convey an oral introduction to the top managerial staff following these rules: Your report MUST incorporate the accompanying side headings: 1. History and Background (give point by point data about the business, over a significant time span plan of action/rehearses, the industry’s qualities and shortcomings) 2. Target Customer (recognize the objective client as far as age, sexual orientation, salary, area, needs†¦etc. Have your customers’ needs changed throughout the years? Are on the whole their needs satisfied? Is there a hole between customers’ needs and market contributions?) 3. Rivalry (who is your opposition? What are your arrangements to guarantee that you are strides in front of your opposition and by what method will you react to changes in the serious condition?) 4. Review and Results (you are required to structure an overview to assist you with your task. Make certain to incorporate a duplicate of your study questions, test size, synopsis of results, and proposals) 5. Proposed Use of MIS (clarify how MIS will profit your industry/company. Give subtleties of the advantages and difficulties of utilizing MIS in your industry/organization) 6. Suggestions (what are the ramifications of the proposed utilization of MIS on the business?) 7. Budgetary Benefits (what are the expenses and money related advantages of utilizing your proposed arrangement? Clarify the effect on income, fixed costs, variable costs, beginning speculation, preparing, execution, client obtaining, client maintenance, and consumer loyalty) 8. The Future (what changes do you anticipate later on for your industry/company? In what manner will you react to changes in innovation, forms, serious condition, customers’ taste/needs, monetary environment†¦etc.?) The motivation behind your examination is to a) furnish you with a chance to study a particular industry and the present procedures utilized b) Identify chances to utilize MIS to change how business is run and enhance current strategic policies. All gathering individuals must take part in the planning of the composed report and conveyance of the oral introduction. Try not to peruse straightforwardly from your report (you may utilize list cards to help yourself to remember significant focuses), face the crowd while introducing. Permit time for inquiries from the crowd and be set up to answer them. Crowd individuals must be set up to pose inquiries moreover. Your report must be TYPED, twofold dispersed, use Times New Roman size 12 textual style for assemblage of report. Incorporate a spread page (with all gathering members’ names, title (Industry/partnership), date, introduced to: Prof. Eshra) and an accurately arranged references page (APA) for all sources utilized (least of 5 distinct sources). Set up at least 10 PowerPoint slides to utilize while introducing your report. Prior to your due date, you are required to present a printed duplicate just as an electronic duplicate of: 1. Your report (10 pages least barring spread page/list of chapters/references) April 6, 2013 2. PowerPoint introduction (least 10 slides)- Submit on the day you present Be as imaginative as possible to catch the consideration of your crowd (utilization of sight and sound, unique computerized pictures, short recordings is empowered).

Bursting the MIT Bubble 1.0

Bursting the MIT Bubble 1.0 Boston Common Boston is a marvelous city! During the school year, I have regrettably failed to take advantage of its historical and culinary wonders, but when the post-finals laze took over, I devoted most of my time to local exploration. Armed with an all-powerful  MBTA Pass (with unlimited trips for a week!), I discovered new favorite places and once again ascertained that MIT has the best possible college location. On one side of campus, Central and Harvard Squares inspire with quaint shops and cafés and occasional art festivals. On the other, just beyond the Harvard Bridge, Downtown Boston splits into diverse districts, one for each type of adventure. This post is Part 1.0 of my favorite ways to burst the MIT bubble, dedicated to Downtown Boston. Boston Common Located conveniently by the Park Street MBTA station, the Boston Common, oldest park in the country, is the best beginning for Downtown exploration. Marvelous for people-watching! There is plenty to look at besides passing humans as well, like the old and new, wide and narrow buildings all squeezed together. Surrounding the park in a glorious architectural mix are an AMC movie theatre, a Masonic Lodge, an alleyway towards Chinatown, a Starbucks, one of many ubiquitous local  Dunkin Donuts, the Massachusetts State House, and the historical 1809 Park Street Church.  On mild-weather days, my friends and I love sitting in the Common’s green spaces with the freshest breeze teasing our hair, looking up and around and having the greatest time. We have gone to the Boston Common to watch movies, trace the American Revolution, continue onto other parts of Boston for modern entertainment, or simply grab a coffee at the Thinking Cup, an adorable coffee shop for the tired explorer.     Chinatown Love bubble tea? Prefer to share food with friends? I do, and Chinatown is awesome for that. My memories of the district’s architecture are blurry, as the last time my friends and I went there, the air was brutally cold, and sightseeing was not desirable. I did, however, adore eating and drinking in the Chinatown indoors. There is an array of good-looking restaurants offering Asian foods in the area, with delectable green tea always available. Our soup, meat, and salad were served in giant dishes, enough to share among the merry group of four. And to complete the satisfactory outing, we had at least a dozen different bubble tea shops to choose from, with the best prices in town (although I still love the MIT Student Center bubble tea best!).     Faneuil Hall Marketplace (with Quincy Market) Further down  lies the 1742 “Cradle of Liberty,” Faneuil Hall (with Quincy Market), Downtown Boston’s prime location for a quick and satisfying meal along The Freedom Trail. There are 36 food vendors in the Quincy Market building alone, with additional historical Boston cuisine restaurants inside and around it. For toy lobsters and other Boston-related merchandise (like baby onesies that say “future Harvard freshman”), it’s quite a convenient place, too. And for history lovers. And for shopping aficionados. For tourists, there’s the Make Way for Ducklings toy store and a discount ticket kiosk. For pop culture geeks and music connoisseurs, Newbury Comics. For the no longer hungry but still craving a snack, a two-story Ghirardelli haven. Once, I also caught one of the  daily performances. Ever seen a man in a kilt and superman underpants (with a special butt cape) riding a unicycle and playing bagpipes? That would be the world-famous  Kilted Colin, entertaining by Faneuil Hall. For a festive mood, there’s also Christmas lights and music shows by Faneuil Hall in the winter.     Boston Harbor I saw the ocean for the first time this academic year, and  loved it. The movies have an inspired way of depicting overjoyed protagonists, plunging into watery vastness. I had high expectations for my first oceanic viewing as well. When I first got to the Boston Harbor (for a really cool Freshman Pre-Orientation Program), I experienced quite the Hollywood-esque joy. Then I shivered through a Boston Harbor boat tour, loving every minute of it. Since, I’ve revealed a personal fascination for bodies of water (Charles River 3), and returning to the ocean for my second boat ride was even more inspiring. If a boat is not available, however, the edge of the Long Wharf is a perfect place to sit and dangle feet over mild waves, guess the destination of outgoing Logan Airport planes, watch the sky turn from blue to navy, and look back at the sparkling Boston skyline. For the prefrosh, the nearby New England Aquarium will also be the place to meet their best first-year friends (and look at ad orable penguins).         North End, Bostons Little Italy Boston and Cambridge shut down early. By 9pm, most stores and restaurants lock their doors and streets fill with crowds looking for late night entertainment. At that time, it’s most fun to walk over to the North End, Boston’s Little Italy, for a chance to participate in the midnight hustle, grab a cup of the most delicious and well-decorated coffee, and indulge in Italian deserts. On warm days, the North End restaurants also open up their facades, and everything feels friendly and lively and free. Crowds roam the streets for cannoli, gelato, eclairs, and tiramisu. My friends and I have often mingled in those. At the Gelateria Cannoli Factory, we have witnessed firsthand the assembly of beautiful cannolis, filled upon request with flavors like tiramisu, hazelnut, pistachio, or Nutella in an exquisite creation ritual. When most North End restaurants and bakeries lock up for the night, usually around midnight, students can still venture to the district for a snack at Bova’s Baker y, where delicacies are available 24 hours a day, every day. I have been told that every student must try a 4am all nighter snack at Bova’s. This tradition is quite commendable, as the choices at Bovas are vast and mouth-watering.     Haymarket Haymarket  is a not the most tourist-appropriate location. On Friday and Saturday, starting from about 6am, local vendors gather with ripe fruits and veggies, cheese, and fish. The sellers come from a variety of different backgrounds, and so do the customers. Some are friendly, and others grim. Regardless,  Haymarket is the place for best grocery deals, ones a buyer can legitimately brag about at home. The shockingly low prices at a market in Downtown Boston are real because “much of the Haymarket produce is what the wholesalers havent been able to sell during the week to the citys supermarkets” (more here). It’s a trip worth taking for the struggling college students who own cash and are willing to navigate the occasionally tough (but never terrifying) crowds. Plus, the Haymarket is squeezed right between the North End and Faneuil Hall Marketplace, so it’s the perfect destination for a sunny weekend. So much great produce and food all around!     Thats all for now! Come back later for adventures in art and science, including the Museum of Fine Arts, the Museum of Science, Bostons South End, and various Cambridge music festivals and art exhibitions. P.S.: 24.118 Paradox and Infinity, a course that I raved about here, is now available on edX for public access and learning! If you love math and computer science, want something to learn over the summer and possibly get a verified certificate for it, or simply enjoy thinking about puzzles, paradoxes, logic, and the meaning of truth, make sure to check out Paradox and Infinity here:  https://www.edx.org/course/paradox-infinity-mitx-24-118x. The class, taught by the man who currently holds the record for naming the largest finite number, left me mind-blown and even more enamored with math and MITs uniquely technical approach to philosophy. For a preview of Professor Rayos contagious enthusiasm, check out these videos on sizes of infinity and the Grandfather Paradox on Wi Phi:  http://www.wi-phi.com/contributor/agustín-rayo. P.P.S: Season 3 of MITs own Science Out Loud YouTube series is now available online! Blogger Elizabeth C. 13 got us excited for it here  and Ceri R. 16 here. In this season, MIT answers essential questions like Why Do We Have Snot? (hosted by Elizabeth C. 13), Why Can We Regrow A Liver (But Not A Limb)?  (hosted by Ceri R. 16),  What Is A Fractal (And What Is It Good For)?  (hosted by me), and other awesome ones like  How Do Braces Work?  The complete Season 3 of Science Out Loud can be found here.

Racial Prejudice By Gordon Allport - 1551 Words

The study of prejudice dates back as far as 75 years ago, Gordon Allport, an American psychologist defines prejudice as â€Å"a feeling, favorable or unfavorable, toward a person or thing, prior to or not based on actual experience.† Allport has a five-phase model of â€Å"acting out our prejudices.† In order of least to most damaging to the group being prejudiced, the phases are antilocution, avoidance, discrimination, physical attack, and extermination. These forms of prejudice range from small groups of people agreeing on negative stereotypes to the â€Å"systematic and planned destruction of a group of people based on their group membership.† (Ponterotto) Of the five phases of prejudice Antilocution is probably the mildest form of prejudice. It consists of conversations that express negative feelings about people because of membership in a particular group. An example could be a group of athletes making fun of nerdy kids who may not be as fit or athletic as t hem. Antilocution often happens when small groups consist of individuals who share a negative prejudice about a certain group. Antilocution expresses the use of prejudicial language in â€Å"safe† circles consisting of other individuals who share the same prejudices. (Tan) The next phase, known as avoidance involves group members going out of their way to avoid a certain minority group, group members isolate themselves from the minority groups to feel better. An example could be an rich suburban women who refuses to shop at Wal-MartShow MoreRelatedSociological Theories Of Prejudice And Racism1645 Words   |  7 PagesSociological Theories of Prejudice and Racism Functionalist theory argues for race and ethnic relations to be functional and thus supply to the melodic conduct and strength of society, racial and ethnic minorities must assimilate into that society. Assimilation is a process by which a minority becomes socially, economically, and culturally absorbed within the dominant society. The assimilation perspective assumes that to become fully fledged members of society, alternative groups must adopt as muchRead MoreDehumanization And How It Affects The History Of Psychology1996 Words   |  8 Pagesthe African lacked human essence. Finally, the colonialists considered the Africans as less than human; they ranked them with brutes (Duckitt, 1992). These three components shape the history of social psychology with respect to slavery. Gordon Allport Gordon Allport was a very prominent figure in the field of social psychology. He helped shape the development of psychology and development of concepts that would change the society with respect to how people perceive others. He had a vast interest inRead MoreCan Prejudice Ever Be Eliminated?1094 Words   |  5 PagesCan prejudice ever be eliminated? Prejudice: Discrimination, stereotype against other groups of people/individuals; mindset Racial, Homophobia, Gender, Religious Ever: Absolute term Eliminated: Removed completely The idea of prejudice has been present for several decades now, and is so deeply rooted in our society today. They can be defined as a set of negative and irrational feelings, beliefs, and actions that are directed towards those of a different race, culture and religion. In theRead MoreSocial Pyschology: Prejudice1729 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is the cause of prejudice? This is one of the few questions of interests in the field of social psychology. This essay will evaluate the social psychological approach to understanding prejudice. Social psychology is a scientific form of explaining human behaviour. It was developed by Gordon Allport in 1985, social psychology focuses on social interactions that cause various behaviours. It is scientific because behaviour can be observed therefore measured in many forms. This is an objectiveRead MorePrejudice in the School Systems and How to Fix It1549 Words   |  7 PagesToday’s concerns about ethnic prejudice, taking place in the schools, are being brought to the forefront. In response to these concerns, two weeks of summer training is being considered as a requirement for all teachers and staff members. Some are under the impression that prejudice and hate are inevitable and therefore do not find the training necessary. What is being presented will address these concerns and show everyone that prejudice is prevalent with in the schools and can be reduced. ThereRead MoreEthnocentrism Is A Basic Attitude Expressing The Belief That One? S Own Culture Essay1731 Wo rds   |  7 PagesEthnocentrism is closely related to other attitudinal indicators for racism, xenophobia, prejudice, mental closure, and, more generally, an authoritarian personality structure. Ethnocentrism is widely used in research on social and political attitudes because it proves to be a very powerful and easily identifiable attitude that can be measured in a valid manner with a limited number of variables. Although ethnocentric prejudice can be directed toward one specific outsider group, empirical research revealsRead MoreCrash: Social Psychology1250 Words   |  5 Pagesbackground, culture, lifestyle or ethnicity as them, yet still every individual is equal, they’re all humans. As humans, people have the tendency to have their own unique perspectives on the world around them and everything it encounters. Psychologist Gordon Allport (1985), one of the founding fathers of personality psychology, defined social psychology as a discipline in which scientific methods are used in order â€Å"to understand and explain how the thought, feeling, and behavior of individuals are influencedRead More The Link Between Nazi Propaganda And The Holocaust Essay2873 Words   |  12 Pages The main focus of the Nazi propaganda movement was the Jews as an inferior race. However the Jews are not a race of people but an ethnic group. As Gordon Allport states When people confuse racial with ethnic traits they are confusing what is given by nature and what is acquired through learning. The Jews are present in nearly every known racial class. They were categorized as a race because of the movement at that time to define people as they appear and to put everyone into their own raciallyRead MoreThe Theory Of Social Psychology1654 Words   |  7 Pagesdepends on the environment, in which the person is placed (Freeman, Ma, Young, Han, Ambady, 2013, p. 1). If I had the ability to perform an experiment I would be curious to learn if the amount of racial diversity where a persons lives directly effects how quickly they can interpret race. Gordon Allport, who is described as one of the founding figures of modern social psychology created the definition of social psychology that we use today (Jones, 1998, p. 3). He defined social psychology as a subfieldRead MoreCritically Evaluate the Cognitive Theory of Stereotyping.3286 Words   |  14 PagesCritically evaluate the cognitive theory of stereotyping. B231: Social Interaction, Exam Paper 1998, Question 4. Graeme Gordon Stereotyping is a form of pre judgement that is as prevalent in todays society as it was 2000 years ago. It is a social attitude that has stood the test of time and received much attention by social psychologists and philosophers alike. Many approaches to, or theories of stereotyping have thus been raised. This essay evaluates the cognitive approach that categorisation

Beowulf Comparing Beowulf and Wiglaf - 1213 Words

In the literary work of Beowulf, it is imperative to analyze the relationships between characters and how those relationships function to create new meaning or a better understanding of the literature as a whole. In Beowulf, it can be said that the characters of Beowulf and Wiglaf share parallels that serve to show Wiglaf as becoming the next king, and not only the successor of the throne, but a sign of hope for the doomed society of the Geats. These similarities can be recognized especially well through the Anglo Saxon beliefs of what makes an exceptional warrior, as well as certain language chosen when describing the two characters. Furthermore, the two characters mirror each other in motifs of the story such as the father and son†¦show more content†¦92). The next motif that illustrates the similarities of the two warriors is the parallels seen in their coming of age stories in which they are reborn to be a king. In the instance of Beowulf, there are multiple ba ttles leading to his rebirth as a king, the main one being the fight with Grendel s mom. Because of birthing imagery depicted in the scene, Beowulf drops into the abyss a thane, and essentially, through rebirth, emerges as a king. The text reads that Beowulf returned from the abyss which was a surge of waves with blood in the backwash, a very clear version of birthing imagery (P. 68). Also, the text says, He who wields power of time and tide: He is the true Lord (P. 68). This is significant to the idea that Beowulf has been reborn a king since he emerged from the lake, a birthing image, and is upheld as the true lord. Wiglaf, although less indicated in this motif, still shares a common parallel in the fact that he begins his battle with the dragon as a thane and ends as a king. When Wiglaf is described before the battle, it is said that this was his first time to be tested as a fighter (P. 89). However, the text directly after shows Wiglaf to have wise and fluent words, a qua lity of a king (P. 89). Also, birthing imagery is apparent in Wiglaf s story because of the use of the cave, a indicator of the womb. At the start ofShow MoreRelatedHeroes : A Comparison Of Beowulf And Wolverine750 Words   |  3 PagesFrom the medieval times to the aftermath of World War II we have two different but extremely similar hero figures in history. One was Beowulf, an inexperienced warrior who turned into a developed king. The other was what some would call abnormal who was later turned into a science experiment known as Wolverine. Beowulf and Wolverine are very harsh and pitiless when it comes to conflict. From ripping limbs off with crude strength to tearing their enemies into pieces, it goes to show just howRead MoreChristianism And Paganism In Beowulf2091 Words   |  9 PagesChristianity vs. Paganism Beowulf is an epic poem combining different stories consisting of contrasting elements, such as paganism and Christianity. Within these stories of Beowulf and the followers of Beowulf, as well as the enemies, paganism actually played the role of the largest religion practiced versus that of Christianity. The stories that make up this epic go by their own titles like, The Wrath of Grendel, The Coming of Beowulf, The Battle with Grendel, The Monster’s Lair, The Battle withRead MoreGrendel and Obj1412 Words   |  6 PagesBeowulf Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Comprehension The questions below refer to the selections â€Å"from Beowulf, Part One,† â€Å"from Grendel,† â€Å"Life in 999: A Grim Struggle,† and â€Å"from Beowulf, Part Two.† ____ 1. Beowulf slays Grendel in order to  Ã¢â‚¬â€ |a. |save Hrothgar and the Danes from the monster | |b. |prevent Grendel from invading theRead MoreThe Heroic Significance of Christ in The Dream of the Rood Essay978 Words   |  4 PagesChristianity to pagan warriors. By comparing characteristics, duties, and treatment of heroes in Beowulf and the Battle of Maldon to the depiction of Christ in The Dream of the Rood, it becomes evident that the image of Christ is altered to mirror that of heroic warriors. Through this melding of heroic beliefs and Christianity, the poet of Rood is able to show how Christ can become the ultimate ring giver or Lord. Dominant characteristics of heroes in Beowulf and The Battle of Maldon revolve aroundRead MoreTheme Of Evil In Beowulf996 Words   |  4 PagesBeowulf versus Evil   Ã‚  Ã‚   Heroes can be in our everyday life or someone you’ve seen only once but all of our heroes have something in common. Their heroic traits make up who they are and some character traits my heroes have in common are kindness, courage, intelligence, and empathy. Beowulf is also a hero in my eyes because he possesses all of these traits and more. What traits do your heroes have in common? Robert Nye’s long poem, Beowulf: a New Telling, is a fictional long poem about a hero, BeowulfRead MoreBeowulf : The Heroic Hero1172 Words   |  5 PagesOn the surface, Beowulf emulates every single characteristic of a hero; he is brave when he fights Grendel, he was confident when he fought unarmed, and he did not fear for his life when he died battling the dragon. It is actually quite easy to get the impression that he is the Anglo-Saxon version of Thor, that he is the epitome of the heroic archetype. However, throughout the course of the poem, the text begins to evoke certa in emotions and thoughts of Beowulf’s psyche and prerogative. The storyRead MoreExploring The Anglo-Saxon Hero2467 Words   |  10 Pages What is a hero? Perhaps it should be rephrased: who is a hero? Of course, it now becomes easy to answer – we can say Odysseus, as he didn’t just assist in the victory at Troy, but fought the gods with his longing for his home; or Beowulf, who fought of the terrible monsters in Hrothgar’s kingdom as well as his own; or Byrhtnoth, who died while defending the land he loved. Clearly, it is easy to list off the heroes in these ancient poems. However, why is this so, why can we so easily identifyRead MoreRevenge In Beowulf And Iliad1605 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough Beowulf and Iliad. In Beowulf, it seen through numerous characters. Revenge is a unique emotion in which is can be very motivating to accomplish a certain task, to serve for justice. In Iliad, Achilles using the feeling of Revenge to complete his journey. Comparing the two stories, vengeances is shown in both, and both stories have a unique way of related the events of the story to the events and the culture and society at the time the stories were written. Revenge in Beowulf: In Beowulf revengeRead MoreFilm Analysis Of Beowulf2063 Words   |  9 Pagesthe Darkness, the Talons in the Night. Mine is Strength... and Lust... and Power! I AM BEOWULF!† Thus the door slams and Grendel, a grotesque monster plaguing the mead-hall Herot, has his left arm torn clean off. Beowulf, the brave hero, has rid the Danes of their terrors once and for all; Grendel left to die in the bubbling hell on earth he calls home. However; this is not how the exact story is followed. â€Å"Beowulf† was first conceived as an epic, retold and sung by many called scops before finally

Price And Non Price Competition In Markets Economics Essay Free Essays

Every one set up the concern for the interest net incomes.Firms sell goods and services through a assortment of direct and indirect channels. In order to increase the net income orto increase the gross of the house we can follow the monetary value competition or non-price competition. We will write a custom essay sample on Price And Non Price Competition In Markets Economics Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the monetary value competition companies seek to pull clients entirely on the footing of merchandise price.In this seller ‘s seek to act upon client demand chiefly through altering the monetary values of the merchandises. In the non pricecompetition cost of thecost of the merchandise is minimized and other doing factors are maximized by the creative activity of a typical quality about the merchandise such as its design, public presentation, advertisement, complementary and utility goods, handiness, client services and trueness plans. In monopoly market monetary value competition is more good to the houses because merely few Sellerss are available in the market. In oligopoly market non monetary value competition is more good to the houses because market is controlled by the little group of houses. In monopolistic market non monetary value competition is more good to the signifiers because it is imperfect competition in short tally and perfect competition in long tally analysis. Unilever limited $ 1:40 $ 1:50 $ 1:40 Procure A ; Gamble $ 1:50 12000 12000 29000 11000 3000 21000 20000 20000 For the above illustration it can demo the monetary value competition.when of all time the monetary values are remains same in the $ 1:40 and the net income of the monetary value remains unchanged.Most of the houses followed by the dominant scheme. In the monetary value competition that depends up on the oppositions motion. That ‘s why houses are largely used in non monetary value competition. For illustration Pepsi Cola and Cocos nucifera Cola are ever used in the non monetary value competition. Elasticity In order to mensurate this reactivity of quality to monetary value alterations, and finally impact on the entire gross. It is called snap. It is defined as the per centum alteration in one variable relation to a per centum alteration in another variable. Ep= ( a?† Q/a?† P ) * ( P/Q ) Where Ep= Coefficient of monetary value snap a?† Q=percentage alteration in measure a?† P=percentage alteration in monetary value a?† =absolute alteration The measure demanded or supplied alterations will alter when the monetary value alterations. This is known as monetary value snap of demand and monetary value snap of supply severally. Elasticity is a step of comparatively alterations. If the monetary value of the mandatory goods can be increased and the consumer can take the complementary goods so it is called elastic and the consumer can non take the complementary goods, they are mandatory goods so it called inelastic. In general, Oligopolies involve a big sum of non-price competition. Product development is one country of competition, and advertisement makes up a big part of non-price competition as good. Oligopolists are big houses and hence can afford to publicize Monetary value is the value placed on what is exchanged. Something of value is exchanged for satisfaction and public-service corporation, includes touchable ( functional ) and intangible ( prestigiousness ) factors. Buyers must find if the public-service corporation gained from the exchange is worth the purchasing power that must be sacrificed. Price represents the value of a good/service among possible purchases and for guaranting competition among Sellerss in an unfastened market economic system. Sellers need to understand the value consumers derive from a merchandise and utilize this as a footing for pricing a merchandise — must make this if we are client oriented. Percentage alteration in measure demanded comparative to the per centum alteration in monetary value. % alteration in Qtty demanded — — — — — — — — — — — — – % alteration in monetary value Elastic demand is more sensitive to monetary value than inelastic demand. Elastic demand, greater than1 Inelastic demand, less than 1 Unitary demand, equal to 1 TR = Price * Qtty If demand is elastic so alteration in monetary value causes an opposite alteration in the entire gross. If demand is inelastic so alteration in monetary value causes the same alteration in the entire gross. The less elastic the demand, the more good it is for the marketer to increase monetary value. Demand is more supply is less so the of the merchandise monetary value will be additions. It can be possible in merely in the monopoly market.because individual house leads the full market. In the same manner when the demand is more supply is less so the merchandise of the monetary value will non be additions in the oligopoly market because in the oligopoly all the houses holding the same monetary value and varies the merchandise in the nonprice competition. In the shop they arranged all shampoos in the similar trade names are side by side. In the shop the two merchandises of the different trade names are arranged side by side so the demand and monetary values of the different trade names are same. In the monopolistic market two more houses lead the market.in the monopolistic market besides follows the nonprice competition. Choosing the right shampoo can be a hard undertaking. There are 100s of trade names, each with infinite assortments, runing from conditioning shampoo to anti-dandruff shampoo.most work forces could care less about what type of shampoo they use.A So demo your adult male some love byA purchasing himA a shampoo that will maintain his hair healthy.A Water is the first ingredient in all shampoos. Detergent is the 2nd ingredient listed on a shampoo label. The staying ingredients include moisturizers, thickenings, conditioners, aromas, infusions, dyes, and more. If happening a hairdresser to assist is unrealistic, there are a couple easy things to retrieve about happening a professional shampoo. Coarse hair tends to be more crisp and dry, so use a heavier shampoo with humidifying belongingss. Fine hair lays flatter and suffers from inactive, so avoid volume shampoos as they can dry out even more, and concentrate on light wet. Curly hair can be coarse of mulct, but by and large, utilizing a shampoo that has frizz combatants and wet is the best option, like Redken ‘s Fresh Curls. For colour treated hair types, most professional trade names have formulated all of their shampoos to be colour safe. For added protection, nevertheless, alternate a colour shampoo with a wet or equilibrating shampoo. Oily hair needs a reconciliation shampoo to modulate the pH of the hair and scalp, like Matrix ‘s Normalizing Shampoo. For utmost waterlessness and flaking, any shampoo with tea tree or batch oils for ingredients is preferred. Professional trade name shampoos are the best option for soft, healthy, and glistening hair. With easy entree to them, cheap monetary values, and so much assortment for different hair textures, there ‘s no alibi for cognizing how to truly take attention of hair. Hair strands are made up of protein or ceratin. They have a softer, more fictile indoors called the cerebral mantle, and a harder, stronger run alonging called the cuticle. Most generic shampoos are non strong plenty to properly perforate the cuticle and cleanse the interior of the hair strand, which is the occupation of shampoo. Alternatively, they coat the cuticle and merely buildup on the hair. Since most shop trade name shampoos are made with more detergent and sulphates, the buildup they cause is normally waxen and heavy. Particularly for adult females who perm, relax, or colourise their hair, these shampoos will turn glistening, healthy hair into dull, weighed down strands Learn why its better to purchase professional shampoo and how to happen the best one or your budget, life manner and hair type. In the shampoo industry there are figure of trade names.Each trade name can be manufactured by many merchandises, and the every merchandise has many types.All the trade names are manufactured merchandises like Antidandruff, loss of hair autumn, black and satiny, to acquire vitamins, long and turn hair. I visited a local super market Spencers, consult the gross revenues director ( koteswararao ) .i enquiry about how much infinite allocated for shampoos. He tells that 2.3 % of the entire volume of the store.in this shop all the shampoos are placed in the left corner of the entryway. That row contains 7racks all of them are FMCG products.The 3 rack is allocated for shampoos.The trade names that i ound in the rack are Hindustan unilever limited, procter and gamble, cavin attention, Himalaya drug company, loreal, ITC, Godrej and many more trade names. Trade name merchandises Space allocated Market size Hindustan Unilever Limited Sun silk, Dove, All clear, clinic plus 35 % 50 % Procter A ; Gamble Head A ; shoulders, Pantene, wella, Rejoice 25 % 16 % Cavin attention Meera, chik, Nyle 15 % 19 % Himalaya drug Company Himalaya herb teas 5 % 15 % Godrej Neem, Johnson A ; Johnson, kesini 5 % Loreal Loreal, Garnier 10 % ITC Vivel extremist pro 5 % I find that many clients are willing to purchase hul merchandises. I asked one of the client why all of them are purchasing shampoos and what are the benefits to you. He said that on watching advertizements he started purchasing hul merchandises.and besides tells that hul has more assortment of merchandises and they are updating the merchandises frequently.By this ever gets a new stock.the ingredients which are utilizing hul merchandises are non harmul to our health.the monetary value of the hul merchandises are sensible and available to all the categories of the people.thats why he is taking hul merchandises. Compared the rural and urban countries, urban countries are more gross revenues in shampoos because it is hard to acquire natural products.hul merchandises are more interact with the all sorts of countries. Most of the people populating in the urban countries are coming from the rural.they all of them know hulproducts.thats why hul merchandises has more gross revenues comparing to the other trade names. When the demand of the shampoo additions monetary value is automatically lessenings, because if any merchandise has more demand so automatically many of them starts the concern. Hul has a greater supply and the other are comparatively low compared to hul.thats why the supply of hul additions monetary value besides increases.shampoos are inelastic merchandises because there are no complement products.in this quality demanded or supplied alterations will alter when the monetary value alterations. How to cite Price And Non Price Competition In Markets Economics Essay, Essay examples

What are the main difficulties human scientists confront when trying to provide explanations of human behaviour Essay Example For Students

What are the main difficulties human scientists confront when trying to provide explanations of human behaviour? Essay What are the main difficulties human scientists confront when trying to provide explanations of human behaviour? What methods have been invented to circumvent these difficulties and to minimize their influence on the results that are obtained? Although many people in the field of human sciences try to get their disciplines to be recognized as pure sciences, there are many differences that distinguish the natural sciences from the human sciences. There is a certain kudos that comes with the natural sciences that people in the human sciences crave, but human sciences can never be like the natural sciences. This is what causes there to be difficulties with human scientists trying to explain their science. They lack the definite, and factual ground on which the natural sciences are based. When a natural scientist hypothesises that when he heats some water to 100 degrees, it will boil. And then after an experiment, it is shown that it does, one can not argue that perhaps on another day the water wouldnt feel like boiling at 100 degrees, or that perhaps it was only boiling at that temperature because there were people watching. Water boiling at 100 degrees is a scientific fact. It will occur every time the experiment is carried out. However, in the field of human sciences, these facts do not exist, and this makes it very difficult for a human scientist to prove any of his theories, or speculate on situations with any authority. The reason for this is that the study of human sciences involves, obviously, human behaviour. Human behaviour does not follow the same patterns that are observed with particles of matter, or certain metals, it is almost totally unpredictable. However, the human sciences do use similar methods of attaining knowledge to the natural sciences. The methods by which the human scientist attains knowledge has the same basic principles to that of the natural scientist. They have hypotheses which they test through observing, and analysing their observations. However, in the natural sciences, the observer is quite distinct from the experiment, as an astronomist is distinct from the planets and stars that he is observing. Whereas, in the human sciences, a human is the observer, and humans are the experiment. This complicates things. In every science there are theories. In the natural sciences these theories can be proved true or false, and therefore it can be determined whether these theories have an effect the result of the experiment. In the human sciences, a theory can affect the experiment whether it is true or false, and so all theories have to be considered by the person conducting the experiment. Another difficulty that the human scientists have to face is that the behaviour of their subjects can change depending on whether the subject knows about the experiment or not. For example, if an experiment was to observe the way someone reacted when faced with a certain situation, and if there was a camera there filming the person, they might act very differently from what they would if there wasnt a camera there, or if they didnt know there was a camera there. It is these sorts of problems that make it difficult for the human scientist to conclude anything from their experiment. Any conclusions that they do try to draw can be easily dismissed. That can merely suggest possible trends in behaviour, or possible reasons for a persons actions. This is all merely speculation and it is difficult for anyone to believe that these human sciences have any true value, in the sense that the natural sciences are valuable. However, there are methods that are used to circumvent the difficulties faced by the human sciences. In their experimentation, to get the most accurate result, they use the greatest sample number of people as possible. This gives the observer a much clearer view of the human behaviour of the general population, as opposed to one person, or a small group of people. .u41be20ac69d171bd65edee21cdaf904c , .u41be20ac69d171bd65edee21cdaf904c .postImageUrl , .u41be20ac69d171bd65edee21cdaf904c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u41be20ac69d171bd65edee21cdaf904c , .u41be20ac69d171bd65edee21cdaf904c:hover , .u41be20ac69d171bd65edee21cdaf904c:visited , .u41be20ac69d171bd65edee21cdaf904c:active { border:0!important; } .u41be20ac69d171bd65edee21cdaf904c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u41be20ac69d171bd65edee21cdaf904c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u41be20ac69d171bd65edee21cdaf904c:active , .u41be20ac69d171bd65edee21cdaf904c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u41be20ac69d171bd65edee21cdaf904c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u41be20ac69d171bd65edee21cdaf904c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u41be20ac69d171bd65edee21cdaf904c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u41be20ac69d171bd65edee21cdaf904c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u41be20ac69d171bd65edee21cdaf904c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u41be20ac69d171bd65edee21cdaf904c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u41be20ac69d171bd65edee21cdaf904c .u41be20ac69d171bd65edee21cdaf904c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u41be20ac69d171bd65edee21cdaf904c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How Many Pages is 7500 Words?This does not give them hard facts of course, but their findings can be much more persuasive if the experiment involved many people. Another method which they employ, which is very important, is making sure that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" in some experiments this may not need be the case à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the people in the experiment, are unaware of their involvement. People act very differently if they know they are being observed. If this method can be kept to, the behaviour of the people in the experiment will be much more natural, and so the results will be more accurate. These methods are not foolproof, but they help in making the results more accurate. The human sciences can never be the same as the natural sciences, in the way of giving hard facts, and having laws which are never broken, but they are still useful.. They are used to predict the human behaviour of a group of people, based on trends that have emerged from the results of their experiments. They will always have difficulties in justifying and explaining their results, but that certainly doesnt mean that the human sciences are worthless. They play an important role in the global society that we live in today.

The U.S. Economy and the Future free essay sample

This paper discusses the U.S. economy and presents future predictions. This paper presents an overview of the U.S. Economy in 2002. The author feels that although many economists disagree on the state of the U.S. economics, the national economy will continue to be healthy. The nation seems to be making recovery from its large financial debt. Table of Contents Justin Foxs View of the Economics Credit and the Economy Debates of Economists Economists and Unemployment Effects of the Tragedy on September 11 Recovery? This economist is discouraging about the future economics of the U.S., but only a few Americans exist on credit? Would economist agree with this? Its true that most Americans live on credit cards and borrowed money. The whole of macroeconomics is that all will hurt when a few follow. Does our financial help come from Americans or foreign investors? Without help from some of the foreign investors, what will happen to the economy? Yet, the foreign investors will not continue to loan money to a country in debt. We will write a custom essay sample on The U.S. Economy and the Future or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The federal deficit worried many during the 1980s and 90s but the U.S. pulled out of the debt.

Education and Society Essay Example

Education and Society Essay Example Education and Society Essay Education and Society Essay Education an instrument of social progress? Julia Suhorutsenko Tartu 01. 01. 2011 I would like to start my essay with the questions: what is the social progress? How can education help promote social progress? The social progress is the higher raise of the standard of living of a certain society. From that point education could provide its individuals a better understanding of how the society functions as a whole and what their roles are in that society, which could lead to economic, security, and material advances.At any given stage of society, the intelligence and moral character of its individual members limits social organization. It is obvious that the progress in human society depends upon the relation between one generation and its successor. As new life comes into society, it improves the character of the life of the society. Several thinkers propose two possible ways of bringing about such improvement: first, through the selection of the hereditary elements in society, elim inating the unfit and preserving the more fit; but, such a scheme of artificial selection could be too complicated.The second method is the improvement of the individual character through education and training. Similarly the natural instincts and tendencies of individuals may be greatly modified by training, the habits and hence the character of individuals can be artificial formed and controlled through education. Education is, then, the great means of controlling habit and character in complex social groups, and as such it is the chief means to which society must look for all substantial social progress.It is the instrument by which human nature may be apparently indefinitely modified, and hence, also, the instrument by which society may be perfected. The task of social regeneration is essentially the task of education. Therefore the main reliance of society in all forward movements must be upon education. So, how the ideal educated person should look like? This is a topic that h as been discussed for years. In determining what being educated means we must first explore the definition of education.The Webster dictionary defines education as â€Å"the process of providing schooling for, training by formal instruction and supervised practice especially in a skill, trade, or profession. † An educated person is someone who has grown up under a traditional educational system, in which he has attended school and finally got a degree from the university in which he has applied to his profession. But, who influences our ideas and beliefs and what is the purpose of the education in forming the character of the new individuals in the society? How to decide what knowledge should be passed on to the next generation and how should it be taught?Aristotle explained, â€Å"Every acorn has the potential to be actualised as a giant oak tree, but for a variety of reasons not all acorns fulfil their potential of becoming an oak tree and too few humans attain the ideal o f becoming rational contemplative beings. Aristotle believed that nurturing the acorn at the right time in the right way could enhance the acorn’s chances of fulfilling its inherent potential. In comparison an educator, by appropriately exposing human beings to the great minds struggling with the perennial problems of humankind can enhance the human being’s natural desire to know. (Philosophical Documents in Education, pg. 34). Aristotle believed the ultimate goal of education was to support humans in finding their unique role in their society. That is equivalent to teaching people trades and skills. But it does not give individuals a broad understanding of the world they live in. Aristotle’s notion that when engaged in contemplation a person has reached their potential should dispel any notion that a person would be happy for the rest of their life in one skill or trade. Constant contemplation would create a thirst for more knowledge that the training of a skil l would not quenched.Similarly the theorist Rousseau also saw the child early in life as an empty receptacle, waiting to be filled. He was the first to introduce the concept of child centred education and he believed that â€Å"by properly educating future generations, a society could be created that resolved the conflict between individual needs and societal demands†. (Philosophical Documents in Education, pg. 73). To Rousseau nature was the key, he believed that â€Å"natural, or primitive humankind, has, through the impulses and instincts of nature, the ability to learn about and live within the world they inhabit.Rather than enhance or support this natural ability, advancement in the art and sciences has tended to deny and thus alienate modern beings from this natural capacity. Rousseau thought we should educate future generations in accordance with the laws or restraints of nature. † (Philosophical Documents in Education, pg. 75). Dewey was different from other th eorist in many ways he is significant because of his thought about informal education. His belief that education must engage with and enlarge experience has continued to be a significant strand in informal education practice.He went beyond all theorists ideals mentioned earlier. â€Å"Dewey defines education as a continual process of reconstruction of experience. At heart, the educated person is a sense maker, that is, one who can wrest as much meaning as possible from her or his experiences. † (Philosophical Documents in Education, pg. 101) His idea was that children came to school to do things and live in a community that gave them real, guided experiences, which fostered their capacity to contribute to society. â€Å"Also, his concern with interaction and environments for learning provides a continuing framework for practice.Last, his passion for democracy, for educating so that all may share in a common life, provides a strong rationale for practice in the associational settings in which informal educators work. † (John Dewey: Philosophy of education). At its most basic level of definition, education is nothing more than the teaching of ideas. The early stages of schooling we learn mainly social skills and a basic knowledge, needed to broaden ours social horizons and permit us to do our independent choices in future.As our age and skill level increases, the learning becomes more based upon our interest, leading to the final formation of the intelligent person with his own opinions, ideas and beliefs, a new citizen of the progressive society. But at the same time the quality of education that we receive depends upon many issues and one of them is the society itself and the ideas that are believed in this society. Sometimes the students are only taught what particular society sees fit to teach them. This ideology has an astound effect when used as controlling propaganda.The quality of education is not only the skill that is provided, but also t he attitude. The skills that are learned are definitely important, but the determination and attitude learned is priceless. The communists came up with the idea of equality for everyone. Every person gets the same schooling and education. This concept cannot possibly work. Every person is different, everyone has a place in society, and work hard physically or mentally all of their lives. Inevitably, a society consists of different classes of people, and each class is essential to the survival of all.The gap between the classes can never be eliminated, but by educating people maybe it can become smaller. Many philosophies have been adopted by our society and make up our thoughts about what the role of education in the social progress is. Hence, we can see that throughout history renowned philosophers put forward diverse ideas about the concept of education and principles of the modern society, depending on the particular historical epoch and social circumstances. The ability to impro ve ourselves, is one of the strongest inherited abilities.Without the consistent development of the human race, life would be nothing more than survival. And in my opinion, education is definitely one of the most important tools that a society possesses. The right implementation of this tool is one of the greatest ways of assuring the quality of life within a society. Philosophical Documents of Education by Tony W. Johnson and Ronald F. Reed John Dewey: Philosophy of education infed. org/thinkers/et-dewey. htm Prepared by Mark K. Smith © Mark K. Smith 2001 Websters Online Dictionary websters-online-dictionary. org/

Discuss the presence of islamic banking in Palestine Essay - 1

Discuss the presence of islamic banking in Palestine - Essay Example g products as per the needs of the targeted population, investors in Palestine sought to address the need of having a banking system that would be in line with Islamic laws and practices. The main that the Islamic law prohibits is that of money accruing interest, which is factor that dates back to the time of Prophet Muhammad (El Tiby 2010, p. 7). The interest for Palestine to start Islamic banks began in 1990 when businessmen started to push for the idea. This process began by the Muslim businessmen establishing a Finance Company that was to operate on Islamic principles, because the Israeli authorities had refused to oblige to this request. The company was named the Beit Elmal Al Philisti that was licensed for operation on 22 February 1994. Presently, banks in Palestine are classified as either conventional or Islamic banks with 83 % being the percentage of the conventional banks while the rest are the Islamic banks in The region (Sabri 2009, p. 58). The Islamic banks operating in Palestine include the Palestine Islamic Bank, Islamic Arab Bank, Cairo Amman Bank and Al-Aqsa Islamic Bank that were established between 1995 and 1998 (Palestine Investment Fund 2014). The main challenge that banks face is the fact that they have to compete in the same market as banks that were established more than 60 years ago such as the Arab Bank. However, this has not deterred these banks from making profits because they also provide investment opportunities that are attractive to the markets they target. Additionally, investment opportunities are scarce making competition between banks to be stiff and making it hard for new banks to penetrate this market (Gompert et al 2001, p. 121). Islamic banks, however, got into business based on them developing products such as Mudaraba, Musharaka, and Murabaha that provided new investment opportunities (Askari, Iqbal & Mirakhor 2011, n.p). The banks also had to devise new pricing so that they could attract profits based on the commission

Consensual Relationship Agreements Research Paper - 1

Consensual Relationship Agreements - Research Paper Example Establishing a baseline of individual freedom means that adults must be allowed to enter into consensual relationships with other adults (Eichner). States must not delegitimize relationships among consenting adults and relationships should be recognized. Sexual harassment litigation fears means more and more companies are scrambling to create appropriate policies to consider, define, and somehow regulate the demonstration of these relationships in the workplace (Powers, p. 20). Consensual Relationship Contracts Anywhere from 33% to as high as 70% of company employees have at one time or another admitted to being involved in an office relationship. Work provides opportunities for socialization among men and women that would not be possible anywhere else. Togetherness occurs naturally in a comfortable and mutual environment and the mutual grounding of close friendship will frequently develop into romance. Employees often rush easily into these relationships despite factors, such as the possibility the relationship may not work out, the organizational environment may prove to be too rigid or the affair would invoke the criticism of fellow employees. Workplace romance trends have been increasing for several reasons, namely, increased demands on free time, more women in the workplace and in management positions, and an increase in positions requiring travel and team projects. Guidelines should be implemented which accept the inevitable realities of on the job romance while also providing the organization with protection from the problems of relationship fall-outs. One half of all work place relationships are estimated to end in marriage, studies show that environments where peers are likeminded in respect to education, life experience, and work ability are more likely to be compatible and have lasting relationships. Relationships that break down and are not resolved amicably can leave employers facing a variety of possible claims. Issues, such as a failed transfer o f one employee after a relationship, could lead to litigation claims. Homosexual relationships could lead to sexual orientation discrimination claims if the individuals are not treated equally. Some employers choose to ban relationships among employees in order to avoid these issues through non-fraternization policies (Reeves, p. 20). Bans, such as this, run the risk of breeching human rights policy and are not likely to be effective considering the amount of relationships that now begin in the work place. Some employers are using contacts or consensual relationship agreements which require disclosure of a relationship, thus, giving the employer the opportunity to relocate one employee or the other to avoid conflict. These contracts have an uncertain legal status and enforceability has been tested numerous times in legal tribunals and lawsuits. Consensual relationship contracts are used in order to avoid sexual harassment and retaliation lawsuits, especially when relationships invol ve employees who are on different levels of authority. The majority of companies do not have policies in place regarding consensual

Philosophies of the Draft Dodgers

Philosophies of the Draft Dodgers Countercultures, or groups that that break off from a dominant or larger society because they disagree with the societys values or beliefs, can have lasting effects on government policies or global affairs (Thomas 39). One such counterculture is the group of American draft dodgers. These individuals evaded conscription, or mandatory military service, in American since the American Civil War (The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica). They rejected the American values of patriotism and national security during key wars such as World War I, World War II, and the Vietnam War. Also, they broke American laws, a part of the national culture, by burning their draft cards in protest and escaping to Canada to avoid their required service specifically during the Vietnam War (Kennedy and Cohen 891). These actions employed by draft dodgers display their own ideas and voices their rejection of the larger societys views, categorizing them as a counterculture in American history. Although draft dodgers can and have appeared in other countries around the world with mandatory military service, the American draft dodgers are specifically notable for their involvement in a number of American wars and polices. Draft evasion has roots in several areas from pacifism to personal unwillingness. Some countries exempted conscientious objectors to war and the draft (people who opposed bearing arms or violence for reasons related to their philosophy or religion) or provided them with specific jobs that did not require fighting, though others throughout history did not excuse these objectors from service (The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica). The United States addressed conscientious objectors during the Civil War by allowing them to serve in positions that did not require the use of weaponry (The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica). However, the 1940 conscript laws clarified objectors as people who were part of a known pacifist group, not individuals that claimed perso nal objections (The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica). The United States started experiencing draft dodgers during the American Civil War when conscription was first implemented in 1861 (Michael Ray). The affluent society in the North avoided military service by utilizing a bounty system, where the drafted individuals paid substitutes, especially African Americans, to enter the military for them (The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica). These citizens had an advantage over the poor and the military soon consisted of lower classes, inciting hostility towards both the wealthy and African Americans. Eventually, the Draft Riot of 1863 occurred with public unrest over this system; for four days, New York City rioters targeted African American buildings with violence (The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica). After the Civil War, the draft also added to the countrys military power during the two World Wars, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. All of these wars presented opportunities fo r draft dodgers, but the most notable wars they affected were the American Civil War and the Vietnam War. Most people associate draft resistance with American participation in the Vietnam War, where public protest of the draft escalated dramatically. Some of the public resistance of the draft stemmed from the Selective Service Systems deferment processes which provided certain people with special opportunities to avoid the draft (Michael Ray). Some draft dodgers resisted conscription by escaping to Canada (Kennedy and Cohen 891). After the Military Selective Service Act of 1967, burning draft cards, or the registration certificates for the draft, exploded as one of the most popular form of protest even though it broke government laws (Michael Ray). Protesters argued that the First Amendment protected their right to freely express opposition to the draft with this method (Michael Ray). David OBrien was one of the draft dodgers who burned their draft cards and ended up facing legal co nsequences (Michael Ray). His case eventually appeared before the Supreme Court in The United States v. OBrien, and the final ruling stated that burning draft cards hindered government actions and was not considered protected free speech (Michael Ray). Draft dodgers held great historical significance in American policy. In the Civil War, the draft dodgers influenced the composition of the military with the use of a bounty system to buy their way out of service (The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica). Their actions in the Civil War influenced American policy during World War I by prompting the government to abolish the bounty system in the 1917 Selective Service Act (Michael Ray). However, the most active and monumental role the draft dodgers played was during the Vietnam War (Kindig). They helped fuel opposition to the war with new drastic measures of burning draft cards and fleeing the country (Kennedy and Cohen 891). Their vocal actions had an unprecedented impact on the end of American involvement in the Vietnam War and the continuing attitudes later on. Currently, the U.S. draft sits dormant since there is no direct need for it, so draft dodgers appear less frequently in society as active protesters. However, in 1980 the gover nment required draft registration for men in case the draft ever resurfaced, and this policy still affects todays population (The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica). A sociological perspective and a sociological imagination can help people understand how draft dodgers actions affected the world. With a sociological perspective, people view others actions using scientific reasoning instead of everyday explanations (Thomas 4). It contends that everyone is a social being with hidden meanings behind his or her actions (Thomas 5). Clearly, draft dodgers did not protest the draft purely because of a disapproval of the implementation and process of the draft, although that did play a purpose in their actions. Using the sociological perspective, the actions of draft dodgers often target a larger intent to protest conscription in general and warfare as a method to solve conflict. A significant number of conscientious objectors objected to violence and bearing arms for religious or philosophical reasons, and since some governments did not excuse these objectors from service, they were forced to become draft dodgers in order to uphold their beliefs (The Edi tors of Encyclopedia Britannica). The American draft dodgers actions during the Vietnam War also had these sentiments, after media coverage of the war displayed unpleasant scenes that conflicted with their morals (Kennedy and Cohen 891). Draft dodgers conveyed the arguments for pacifism and nonviolence in their actions, two themes that apply to any country in the world. A sociological imagination, created by C. Wright Mills, allows people to connect their personal actions and experiences with the larger world in order to recognize the effects (Thomas 5). This viewpoint displays the great effects of draft dodger actions on larger bodies such as the United States of American and even the world. They significantly affected United States domestic and foreign policy. The Draft Riot of 1863 over the unfair bounty system influenced later domestic policy in the Selective Service Act of 1917, in which the process was prohibited (Michael Ray). They also influenced interpretation of the First Amendment when the Supreme Court case The United States v. OBrien arose from the protest method of burning draft cards that became popular during the Vietnam War (Michael Ray). The limitations of free speech were clarified for the American public, influencing later forms of protest. On the global perspective, foreign policy during the Vietnam War also received the impact of draft resistance since the protests amplified an opposition to American participation in the war. Their actions influenced the removal of American troops from Vietnam. Ethnocentrism is conviction that one group of people reigns supreme over other inferior groups (Thomas 35). Draft dodgers had an element of ethnocentrism in their actions, contributing to their classification as a counterculture, specifically during times of war. The draft dodgers who were conscientious objectors for religious or philosophical reasons believed that their values of pacifism or their faith were superior to the American sentiments of patriotism, leading them to resist the draft and conscription. Other draft dodgers felt that the value of life, including their own lives, was superior to patriotism, national security, or U.S. global power. They expressed their superior views by attempting to fulfill the requirements for exemption from service (deferment from Selective Service boards for academic or family reasons), burning their draft cards, or fleeing the country in order to not risk their own lives and protest the danger imposed on others lives (Michael Ray). Their ethn ocentrism encouraged draft dodgers to protest and fight for their beliefs rather than just duly accepting their fate as American citizens, resulting in their counterculture status. Cultural relativism practices that the standards of cultures different from one another, so a culture could only receive judgement based on their own point of view (Thomas 36). Using cultural relativism, draft dodgers avoid conscription because of their connection to the American culture from which they split. The American culture emphasized freedom to express and act according to an individuals beliefs (within obvious limitations). These draft dodgers, surrounded by the ideas that sharing opinions is acceptable and appreciated, naturally protested their opposition to drafts and conscription based on their own values and interests. In fact, one could argue that they protested the draft to save their own lives and the lives of their families, a priority for a number of people. A pacifist who is not a part of a formal organization would not receive exemption from conscription but would still have difficulty if drafted because the violence would conflict with his personal values, and ma y even die before fighting and breaking his values; therefore, draft avoidance could save his life (The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica). The draft sent men off to war whether they wanted to go or not, and unfortunately not all soldiers return home to their families. The families of the men who never return to war are left with a hole in their family structure, especially if the man was unwilling to fight. In this case, protesting and dodging the draft could protect a mans family, a formidable incentive to avoid conscription. Cultural relativism allows other individuals to understand the importance of draft evasion for men and their loved ones. Despite the incentives to evade conscription, I personally do not agree with all of the philosophies of the draft dodgers. The draft dodgers rightfully protested the unfair draft systems such as the bounty system during the Civil War or the subjective deferments of the Selective Service Board and I agree with the ideas of pacifism and resolving conflicts without violence that spurred draft dodgers to reject conscription. However, the draft should remain a possible tool today with modifications that require women to register as well as men to guarantee a suitable fighting force for national security. I cannot see the value in protesting a draft if the whole country faces peril and destruction as a result of a lack of volunteers to a war effort (with hope that such a situation never arises in the future). Also, there is no harm in registering when the government may never activate draft again in ones lifespan, and if the draft is reenacted, then there must be a dire need for soldiers w ith the already impressive advancements in military power through technology and volunteers. Although I cannot agree with their ideas, the fact remains that draft dodgers impacted American policies, values, and history significantly as longstanding counterculture. References   Kennedy, David M. and Lizabeth Cohen. The American Pageant: A History of the American People. Boston: Cengage Learning, 2016. Textbook. Kindig, Jesse. Vietnam War: Draft Resistance. 2008. Website. 3 March 2017. Michael Ray. Selective Service Acts. 10 September 2015. Website. 3 March 2017. The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. Conscientious Objector. 30 June 2010. Website. 3 March 2017. -. Conscription. 16 6 2011. Website. 3 March 2017. -. Draft Riot of 1863. 16 June 2011. Website. 3 March 2017. Thomas, W. LaVerne. Sociology: The Study of Human Relationships. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2003. Textbook.

Kafka

This simple yet ingenious quote by Kafka does make one stop and think, is life really that meaningless? How can one concur if life is meaningless or not? Before these questions can be answered, one must ask, what is meaning? Amazingly enough, meaning is something we create ourselves. We attach meaning to everything around us whether it be language, a person, an item, or even a pencil.Meaning comes from within us, making us the sole contributor to our own existence. Therefore, nothing has meaning unless one was to ttach meaning to it, and to attach meaning to anything proves one has created an identity, and that identity allows one to exist. Mortal life by definition comes to an end whether one likes it or not, and because of this, we are always facing the pressure of extinction. The way we cope with this pressure is by giving meaning to the things we do, the things we love, and all the other things which matters in ones life.To give ourselves an identity in which we exist in this wor ld and to leave behind a trace of our existence. Although it is truly evident that meaning comes from within the individual, others might think differently. One of the main arguments against meaning coming from the individual is that we were already given meaning since birth, given a set of beliefs and morals to follow, so how does one create meaning if it was already given to us from generation through generation?What they do not know is that meaning is something we gain through experience, and experience is not something we have from birth. Another valid argument would be that this universe does not need meaning and therefore it is not important to have meaning or create meaning. However, meaning is all around us and whether one likes it or not, we were built to reate meaning in order for us to exist, and for us to be able to create an identity. Before we dive deeper into the topic of how we gain meaning, we first have to question what is meaning?Clare Carlisle quotes Kierkegaard and explains, â€Å"Even though all sorts of things exist, for Kierkegaard the word â€Å"existence† has a special meaning when applied to human life. This meaning arises from the fact that we always have a relationship to ourselves. † (Carlisle, What does it mean to exist? ) To go into more thorough detail, meaning is the stem of everything human. Meaning come rom us because like stated above in the quote by Kierkegaard, we are the only ones can have a relationship to ourselves.Humans only truly exist through identity, identity is gained through experience, and experience is what use to create meaning. Many other individuals would like to believe that meaning does not come within us, but rather given to us, passed down to us from our past generations. For an example, Annie Druyan, wife of astronomer/philosopher Carl Sagan (1934 – 1996) remembered a conversation her husband had with a young man and it goes, â€Å"At the end of it, a young man came up to him and he said: What do you give us in return? Now that you've taken everything from us?What meaning is left, if everything that I've been taught since I was a child turns out to be untrue? Carl looked at him and said, ‘Do something meaningtul. ‘ † (Sagan. ) Without meaning this world would b complete chaos. A person needs to grow up with meaning as a supporting factor, or else their world would become chaotic and by definition, meaningless. The young man in the flashback is a person who struggles with the belief that he grew up with meaning given to him and therefore once he comprehend the truth and reality of it all, there would be no significance left.Carl Sagan tries to make this young man understand that in truth, meaning is something we can create anytime, anywhere, and anyplace. Sagan's simple and brief quote ‘Do something meaningful' gives us hope because it illustrates that meaning does not stem from the beginning of our lives, but something we have to exp erience and something we have to do in order to gain meaning. Although there are many others out there like the young man depicted in Annie Druyan's flashback, they would have to know that meaning is not something in which they are given, but is gained through their Journey and understanding of life.This is significant because it is imperative for ones knowledge to understand that no matter how lost or confused one might be, they could always create their own meaning instead of relying or is biased on the thought that meaning was created for us. If one was to be biased on that thought, their total reliance on the meaning at which was given to them would collapse when they learn the undeniable truth that meaning has always been within their reach. Although meaning is a controversial and conflicting topic to discuss, some might argue that meaning is something we shouldn't try to understand at all.Alex Percival as a strong opinion towards meaning and how he believes the universe does n ot need meaning at all. He states in his own words, â€Å"With modern discoveries, we have found that the meaning of life itself is pointless, but we are extremely lucky to be here because the probability that any one of us being in existence is next to 0%. † (Percival. ) In truth, meaning does matter in this world that we live in. Without meaning we would be lost with no identity, and would have no proof of our own existence.It is important for humans to make meaning for themselves because we want to exist and therefore we should exist. Meaning is not pointless at all, in fact meaning is apart of ones soul, apart of us. Meaning is a tool we strive and depend on to survive, because without it we would feel worthless and needless to say, useless. Despite the many oppositions against the interpretation of meaning, language is one of the many factors in which humans attach meaning to. One blogger give their thoughts on how meaning relates to language and states, â€Å"Language communicates meaning, and the origin of meaning is relationship.In fact; if we use the idea that â€Å"relationship is the origin of meaning† as our lens, it opens up a whole new world eyond the narrow definitions that confine meaning to traditional ideas of language. † (The Wisdom of Life. ) Language in fact does relate to human relationships. To be able to communicate and articulate our thoughts gives us meaning. Without language, humans would not be able to express their thoughts and empty their minds and this is an important process to meaning because how can one attach or create meaning if they cannot express themselves.It is crucial to understand that language does not get it's meaning from others but it is something we attach to it. For n example, as Professor Jacoby has mentioned in class, â€Å"A chair does not have meaning unless we give it meaning. The word chair to another person could mean something much more significant or it could mean nothing depending who this person is and what significant attachment they have given to the chair. † (English 205 Lecture. ) Anyone can give meaning to anything as long as there is a special significance to it.This is how we gain existence and gain identity. It comes through our experience and how we see things in our own eyes and not through what has already been defined for us. When one speaks about language, often we question what is the significance of many languages in this world. As Noam Chomsky says in We Still Live Here, â€Å"A language is not Just words. It's a culture, a tradition, a unification of a community, a whole history that creates what a community is. It's all embodied in a language. † (Chomsky. Language is no longer Just words or different types of languages that people speak around the world, it is what set us apart from others. It is what defines us as a people, it gives us meaning. With many languages around the orld, one could feel lost or troubled because they a re afraid they could lose their identity. Although that is definitely not the case, language could preserve ones true identity because with language comes a culture, a tradition, a community, and a whole history. With all these factors combined, one can find their identity and create meaning to their lives in their own ways and form.To find ones own identity is truly important in terms of existence, and the only way to find ones identity is through finding meaning within themselves. Meaning also attaches itself to forms of exceptionalism, how we interpret and ruly follow this ideal belief is entirely up to the person. In one article by The Globalist, they proclaim, â€Å"And Americans can only be exceptional if we are well informed and willing to make hard choices and take risks. Apathy, ignorance and risk aversion are the death sentence of the American experiment. (The Globalist, The Idea of American Exceptionalism. ) This is not only true to Americans, but also other cultures aro und the world as well. To make one self â€Å"exceptional† the person needs to be able to make well informed decisions on their own accord and take risks by the ips of the their own fingers. This connects to meaning because the only way we can make our own decisions and take our own risks is by attaching our own meaning to what all of these things mean. To be exceptional does not necessarily translate to ignorance, it could also mean it is their only form of survival.To any culture around the world, their identity is found through their culture, history, tradition. They rely on these factors because it is what makes them special, unique, and superior from others. Just like how each of them have their own language, tradition, and beliefs, hey want to preserve this by giving it a name, American Exceptionalism, British Exceptionalism, and Greek Exceptionalism. This way, they have given meaning to these terms which in return protect their identities. As individuals we all have a specific responsibility to be fulfilled once we take our first breaths in this world.One specific sentence which caught my attention in the article by The Globalist was, â€Å"As citizens, we have a sacred duty to conserve government by the active † not passive † consent of the governed. † (The Globalist, The Idea of American Exceptionalism. Even if we are a citizen of American or not, it does not matter, because every human in this Earth has a specific duty, which is to do something meaningful so that can be remembered for what theyVe done. The government is depicted as powertul, and because we see them as powertul, we believe that meaning comes from the government.The governments rules and laws seem to constrain us, but in reality it's constrictions is what tests our understanding of what meaning is. For an example, in The Trial, a relatable quote from the conversation between K. and the doorkeeper goes as this, â€Å"Everyone strives to reach he Law,† sa ys the man, â€Å"so how does it happen that for all these many years no one but myself has ever begged for admit-tance? † The doorkeeper recognizes that the man has reached his end, and to let his failing senses catch the words roars in his ear: â€Å"No one else could ever be admitted here, since this gate was made only for you.I am now going to shut it. † (Kafka 256. ) In The Trial, it is Kafka's intentions to make the court look so powerful, because in this way, K. is forced to look for meaning and search for his own identity instead of trying to search for significant meaning in others. In fact, the court is so powerful that they have already planned everything out for K. K. ‘s future was in their hands and yet he barely even realized this because he was transfixed on trying to get everyone else to help him when the answers was within him.This message is of vital importance to comprehend, because one must know that no matter how powerful the barrier maybe be tween the person and their journey to gain meaning is, their duty as a human allows them to conquer those obstacles and face their own challenges. In The Trial it is evident from the very beginning K. ‘s thoughts were always ethered to what others thought about him and his need to find meaning through them instead of himself. Whenever K. spoke, he would always pay close attention to others, as though their opinions and thoughts were crucial to him, † ‘Intrusive, thoughtless people! ‘ said K. s he turned back into the room. The supervisor may have agreed with him, at least K. thought that was what he saw from the corner of his eye. But it was Just as possible that he had not even been listening as he had his hand pressed firmly down on the table and seemed to be comparing the length of his fingers. † (Kafka 17. Throughout the Trial, K. is repeatedly focusing on what others think of him, how others does not give him attention, and how others gave him mean ing. His mind was constantly affected by the whispers around him and it affected him to the point whereby he was utterly dependent on other people.Kafka's mission was to make us understand that K. was trapped in the wrong place the whole time, in someone else's mind. When a person is trapped in someone else's thoughts, it would be hard for them to understand how important meaning is if they are constantly looking for meaning in the wrong place. One of the great meanings behind Kafka's works was to question one specific word, â€Å"Meaning. † In the text, K. ‘s conversation with the Priest demonstrates how Kafka views the word meaning, miou look for too much help from people you don't know,† said the priest disapprovingly, â€Å"and especially from women.Can you really not see that's not the help you need? † (Kafka 252. ) Kafka used K. as a guide to help him search for or make meaning. K. is constantly seeking and depending on others to be able to survive an d to exist in this world that the meaning to his life soon became xactly that; his reliance on others became his meaning of survival, to exist. Kafka wants us to know that meaning was not already given to us, but we make meaning. We give meaning to people, things, and everything around us so we can feel special, unique, and most importantly to teel I ike we exist.Katka also wants us to know that K was looking for meaning in all the wrong places and to learn from K. ‘s mistakes. K. looked for meaning through his reliance on others, when he was supposed to create meaning within himself. To exist, we first have to rely on our own thoughts and our own ideas. This significant because our thoughts and our own ideas is how meaning is created. If we do not create meaning through our own minds, we do not exist according to Kafka, and that is why K. ies (Kafka 271) at the end because he was not able to realize his whole life depended on someone else, and his sense of meaning came from t he people around him as well which is what makes one exist. Although, this leads to the quote which was stated in the beginning of the essay, â€Å"The meaning of life is that it ends. â€Å"-Franz Kafka. No matter how a person tries define meaning or try to apprehend it, life does end. So why is meaning so important? Meaning not only gives us a sense of security and comfort from the chaotic world we live in, but it also serves as a backbone to our identity and our existence.By us giving meaning to anything and everything, it gives us a sense of comfort knowing that it is significant or in some ways meaningful to us therefore making us feel as though we exist because we gave meaning to something which never had meaning before it came into our lives. To exist, to give meaning, and to gain an identity is all part of what it means to be human. Meaning nowadays is interpreted in many different ways, but one theory seems to tand out more than the rest, and it's that meaning comes from within each individual and not from an external source.We use meaning to create ourselves, find our identities, and sustain our existence through our lifetime. In these modern times, the word meaning has been modified to each persons own interpretations of what meaning is. The problem is, would meaning ever be completely defined? Or is it a word that us humans can attach our own meaning to? It is definitely something to think about as we progress further into the world of constant change and start to lose the roots of our identity and even our existence.

HR problem

All employees are continually performance managed and this is looked at when going or promotion so the employees are always putting a lot of effort to get good assessments and appraisals. When many of the employees joined the company they were told that promotion would be available within two years, however this has not been the case. The general management seem not to worry about this lack of motivation and seem to think as long as the employees are making money they will be happy.Part b Problem Analysis To analyses the problems in this organization we need to look the issue of motivation at work and also the psychological contract between the company and the employee. Arnold et al (1995 cited in Preston 2006 P. 7) suggests that motivation is made up of three components: 1 . Direction: what a person is trying to do 2. Effort: how hard a person is trying 3. Persistence: how long a person continues trying Looking at this suggestion you can see that In the case of the employees they ha ve a key direction In looking for promotion and are putting In a lot of effort to receive good assessments and appraisals.However, they are starting to lack in persistence as they A highly motivated employee will be: o More committed to the business o A more productive worker Happier in their Job A useful theory we can use to look at motivational issues is Mascots hierarchy of needs. Self-actualization Esteem Social (belonging) Safety Physiological Preston (2006 p. 12) states ‘Mason believed that all people are motivated by the same things, but there are different levels of need.When one set of needs in the hierarchy has been met, we work harder to fulfill the next level. ‘ In relation to the problem stated earlier a majority of the employees work hard to achieve the different stages of need, however now they are lacking motivation because they are striving for more ND working harder to achieve more but it is not being made available to them. We can also look at Victor B room's expectancy theory he uses the equation x I x V) which looks at the process of motivation.In this case even though the effort being but in by the employees is huge, the outcome they are hoping for (promotion) is not great or non-existent. As promotion is a high priority for these employees they therefore have a lack of motivation. Another motivation theory we can link to this problem is Douglas McGregor (1960) Theory X and Theory Y. In this case the management are obviously Theory X managers only believing employees are motivated by money. The employees will become very disheartened by this as they are trying extremely hard and not being recognized for it.The psychological contract forms part of the unwritten contract and as Preston (2006 pop) states ‘differs from a written contract in that it is concerned with implicit expectations, obligations and promises that both parties believe have been made with regard to what each owes and expects to receive from each other. â⠂¬Ëœ The psychological contract covers a lot of areas and has become more important in cent times where the employee expects a lot more from their employer. When joining the company the employees understood that promotion would be available within two years. This was not in the official written contract but was a known promise.Many employees now feel dishonored. They have put in a lot of hard work which they expected would put them well on the road to promotion. These few points are all examples of the psychological contract. In this case it is very weak; this is also a good reason as to why the employees are not motivated. I think this problem could be solved and have produced a few ideas which could help both short term and long term. ; Condiment opportunities The company could offer its employees short term condiment opportunities in a higher position when the man power is stretched and in need of a temporary boost.Even though it is not permanent it may help increase motivation i n the short term. In the case on Broom's theory the promotion they have been working towards will have been made available (if only temporarily) which will increase motivation ; Working in there departments – increase company knowledge There may be a chance to look at letting employees work in different departments short term especially during low season when man power levels needed are not as high. This will benefit both the company and the employee.The business will benefit from the extra knowledge and skills the employee will learn which they will be able to bring back to their original role. The employee will enjoy doing something new and being more challenged therefore increasing motivation. ; Opportunities to work up On certain shifts the manager on duty could delegate his duties to a more Junior employee. This gives the employee the opportunity to learn on the Job whilst being supervised by the manager. This could provide a challenge and more stimulating day at work. B etter the relationship between managers and employees Reduce the barriers between general management and the workforce, I. E. Improving and encouraging more fluid communication between each party. This will enable the management to see how dedicated and committed their staff actually are and allow them to have a more personal idea of who their employees are. This would be a start n changing the managers from Theory X to Theory Y managers when looking at Douglas McGregor theory.